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International Water Demand Management Conference
Held in Dead Sea, Jordan June 2004
Molle, François and Hugh Turral, Demand management in a basin perspective: is the potential for water saving overestimated?
This paper critically examines the scope for saving water in water short basins. It argues that the gains that can be achieved through demand management have been overestimated, because of the closing/closed nature of such basins. The paper suggests supply management remains the most effective way to reduce water use. (Download)
3rd Conference of the International Water History Association
Held in Alezandria, Egypt on 11-14 December 2003
Molle, François, The ‘Closure’ of River Basins: Trajectories and Societal Responses
This paper reviews various conceptualizations found in literature of the development of river basins over time. It presents a typology of societal responses to water scarcity, emphasizing the need to distinguish between responses devised by the state and those of farmers and small groups. Some elements that appear crucial in shaping responses are singled out. (Download)
ICID Asian Regional Workshop
Held in Taipei, Taiwan on 10-12 November 2003
Bhattarai, Madhusudan, Randolph Barker and A Narayanamoorthy, Who Benefits from Irrigation Development in India? Implications of Irrigation Multipliers for Cost Recovery and Irrigation Financing (Download)
Who benefits from irrigation development in India and who should pay the cost? This paper finds that two-thirds or more of the benefits from irrigation development have been captured by the non-farm sector. Financing and cost recovery policies in irrigation should be based not only on farmers’ ability to pay, but also based on the economy-wide impact.
Boisvert, R, H Chang, R Barker, G Levine, Y Matsuno and D Molden, Refining the Positive and Negative Externalities of Taiwanese Paddy Rice Production (Download)
Molle, François, T. Shah and R. Barker, The Groundswell of Pumps: Multilevel Impacts of a Silent Revolution (Download)
Workshop on Comprehensive Options Assessment for Dams
Held in Geneva, 22-24 September 2003
McCartney, Matthew, Joan Janganyi and Sizwe Mkhize, Comprehensive Options Assessment: The Pongolo Case Study
The Pongolopoort dam, which impounds the water of the Pongolo River in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, was built in the 1970s to provide water for irrigation. The dam is located where the river flows through a narrow gorge between the Lebombo and Ubombo mountain rangers, close the border with Swaziland. Immediately downstream of the dam, a broad alluvial plain, known as the Pongolo Floodplain, extends from the dam to the confluence of the Pongolo and Usutu Rivers, close to the border with Mozambique. (Download (pdf)
RGS-IBG Annual Conference
Held at Royal Geographical Society, London 3-5 September 2003
Pant, Dhruba, Madhusudan Bhattarai and David Molden, Changing Water Governance in the Context of Intersectoral Water Transfer Process: A Case of Melamchi Interbasin Water Transfer Project in Nepal (Download)
1 st International Yellow River Forum on River Basin Management
Held in Zhengzhou, China, 12-15 May 2003
Bin, Dong, Liang Zhichen, Ronald Loeve, David Molden and Yang Baozhong, Rice Impact in Henan Irrigation Districts along the Lower Yellow River Reaches
The Henan Province, located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, is one of the staple areas of food production in China. There are 26 large and medium-sized irrigation districts along the river and the total area irrigated by Yellow River water is 523.56 thousand hectares, of which 85 thousand hectares are paddy fields, accounting for 16% of the total irrigated area in Henan. (Download (MS Word)
Cabangon, R, G Lu, TP Tuong, BAM Bouman, Y Feng and Zhang Zhichuan, Irrigation Management Effects on Yield and Water Productivity of Inbred and Aerobic Rice Varieties in Kaifeng
Kaifeng City and its surroundings face water scarcity, especially for their rice-growing areas. There is a need to reduce water inputs to rice so that water can be diverted to other users. Aerobic rice is a new way of growing rice: it grows in nonpuddled soil without flooding and can be supplementary irrigated like other crops such as maize. To achieve high yields under aerobic conditions, special’aerobic rice varieties’ are being developed. (Download MS Word); (Download Figures MS Word)
Cai, Ximing and Mark W Rosegrant, Optional Water Development Strategies for the Yellow River Basin: Balancing Agricultural and Ecological Water Demands
Completing the Yellow River basin is of utmost importance for China in food production, natural resources management, and socioeconomic development. Water withdrawals for agriculture, industry and households in the past decade have seriously depleted ecological water requirements in the basin, of which agriculture is the major player. This paper presents a modeling scenario analysis of some water development strategies to harmonize water withdrawal demand and ecological water demand in the Yellow River Basin through water saving and inter-basin water transfer. (Download MS Word)
Chemin, Yann, Evapotranspiration of Crops by Remote Sensing Using the Energy Balance Based Algorithms
Amongst the most crucial information in water balance assessment is the evapotranspiration (ET) of plants, especially field crops. A lot of literature is available on potential and reference ET, and it is a modeling exercise to assess the crop areas, the level of effective development and the water stress found under the pre-supposed field conditions. This becomes increasingly difficult when variables are varying in time, space and crop types. (Download MS Word)
Kendy, Eloise, Tammo S Steenhuis and David Molden, Combining Urban and Rural Water Use for a Sustainable North China Plain
Competing demands on limited water resources have resulted in persistent water shortages for the North China Plain. Despite year of effort to mitigate the problem, groundwater levels continue to decline steadily. A quantitative analysis of hydrologic changes affecting Luancheng County, Hebei Province, from 1949 to 2000 identifies crop evapotranspiration as the root cause of water-table declines beneath this groundwater irrigated area. (Download MS Word)
Loeve, Ronald, Randy Barker, David Dawe, Hong Lin and Dong Bin, Growing More Rice with Less Water: An Overview of Research in Liuyuankou Irrigation System, Henan Province, China
China, with a large part of its population dependent on rice production, is promoting water saving irrigation techniques based on alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of the paddy soils. AWD techniques and other water-saving irrigation (WSI) practices are currently being adopted in different parts of China. However there are a number of research questions surrounding the nature and success of adoption in China. At the same time there is growing interest in WSI technologies outside of China. To address these questions, we initiated research in the Zhanghe Irrigation System in Hubei Province in 1999. (Download MS Word)
Roost, Nicolas, Improving Irrigation Water Use Efficiency, Productivity and Equity: Simulation Experiments in the Downstream Yellow River Basin
Irrigated agriculture is put under simultaneous pressure to supply the needs of a fast growing population and to release water for other, higher valued uses. In this context, solutions have to be devised to make a substantially more efficient and productive use of water in irrigation. This paper introduces a new irrigation model, OASIS (Options Analysis in Surface Irrigation Systems), which was developed to conceptualize and test irrigation interventions in a medium to large-scale irrigation system. (Download MS Word)
Roost, Nicolas, David Molden, Zhongping Zhu and Ronald Loeve, Identifying Water Saving Opportunities: Examples from Three Irrigation Districts in China’s Yellow River and Yangtze Basins
In a context of increasing basin-level water scarcity, agricultural water savings are often called upon to free up substantial amounts of water to meet the demand of fast growing urban and industrial sectors, maintain the environment or support expanded agricultural activities. Due to complex relationships between the uses and reuses of water within basins, the means of achieving such savings are not always immediately apparent. This paper provides a methodology, based on water accounting, which can be used to identify real opportunities to save water and increase the productivity of water. (Download MS Word)
Wang, Jinxia, Zhigang Xu, Jiun Huang and Scott Rozelle, Institutional Reform and Impacts: The Case Study in the Yellow River Basin
The overall goal of our paper is to better understand water management reform in China’s communities, especially focusing on the effect that it will have on the nation’s water resources and the rural population. (Download MS Word)
Zhu Zhongping, Mark Giordano, Ximing Cai and David Molden, Yellow River Basin Water Accounting
Water accounting is a fundamental tool in river basin management and planning. Water accounting systems, however, are not universally consistent, complicating efforts to share information and research findings across nations. China, for example, utilizes a unique system that is not well understood by outside scientists. As China continues to emerge onto the global water management scene, it is becoming increasingly important for international researchers to understand Chinese water accounting frameworks and concepts. This paper uses data, largely provided by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, to describe China’s water accounting system and examine water balances in the Yellow River, one of China’s most important water bodies. (Download MS Word)
3 rd World Water Forum (WWF3)
Held at Kyoto International Conference Hall, Kyoto, Japan on 19-20 March 2003
Boisvert, R, H Chang, R Barker, G Levine, Y Matsuno and D Molden, Water Productivity in Agriculture: measuring the positive and negative externalities of paddy rice production (Download)
Pant, Dhruba, Sabita Thapa, Ashok Singh and Madhusudhan Bhattarai, Integrated Management of Water, Forest and Land Resources in Nepal: Opportunities for Improved Livelihood (Download)
Large Rivers Symposium (LARS2)
Held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in February 2003
Nguyen Khoa, Sophie, Laurence Smith, Kai Lorenzen, Caroline Garaway, LR Perera, Shyamalie de Silva, MMC Kumara, Upali S Amarasinghe, MG Kularatne and HMS Chandana Bandara, Assessment and Management of Irrigation Impacts on Tropical Inland Fisheries: A Case Study from Sri Lanka
In tropical socio-ecosystems, inland fisheries can be positively or negatively affected by irrigation through complex, multiple and varied means. This makes assessment of impacts difficult. This paper outlines the application of a holistic and participatory approach to fisheries impact assessment of the Kirindi Oya Irrigation and Settlement Project in southeast Sri Lanka. (Download)
Nguyen Khoa, Sophie, Kai Lorenzen, Caroline Garaway, Bounthanom Chamsingh, Impacts of irrigation development on capture fisheries in the rice-based farming systems of southern Laos
Fisheries impacts should be considered in the planning and management of irrigation development, but there is a lack of reliable quantitative impact assessments to inform this process. This paper reports on a quantitative assessment of irrigation impacts on artisanal fisheries in South Laos. (Download)
IWMI-Tata Workshop
Held in Anand, Gujarat on 27-29 January 2003
Bhattarai, Madhusudan and A Narayanamoorthy, Impact of Irrigation on Agricultural Growth and Poverty Alleviation: Macro Level Analyses in India(Download)
Bhattarai, Madhusudan and A Narayanamoorthy, Irrigation and other Factors Contribution to the Agricultural Growth and Development in India: A Cross-State Panel Data Analysis for 1970 to 94 (Download)
30th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment
Held in Honolulu, Hawai on 10-14 Nov 2003
Canisius, Francis XJ, Hugh Turral, Fusion Technique to Extract Detail Information from Moderate Resolution Data for Global Scale Image Map Production
The Global Irrigated Area mapping project at IWMI addresses the need to develop improved regional or global image products that incorporate spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agriculture. Fusion of freely available high temporal resolution MODIS composite image and high spatial resolution GeoCover Landsat TM mosaic is an appropriate approach to monitor temporal and spatial variability in agriculture at global scale (Download Ms Word )
The 24 th Asian Conference of Remote Sensing and 2003 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
Held in Korea on 3-7 Nov 2003
Honda, Kyoshi, Amor VM Ines, A Numerical Experiment in Assimilating Agricultural Practices in a Mixed Pixel Environment using Genetic Algorithms
In this study, a numerical experiment was conducted to explore a mixed pixel problem in agriculture using a combined Rs-simulation model SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant) and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach (Download MS Word)
Kamthonkiar, Daroonwan, Kiyoshi Honda, Hugh Turral, Nitin K Tripathi, Vilas Wuwongse, Time Series Analysis of Spot Vegetation Instrument Data for Identifying Agricultural Pattern of Irrigated and Non-irrigated Rice Cultivation in Suphanburi Province, Thailand
In this paper, we present the different characteristics on NDVI fluctuation pattern between irrigated and non-irrigated area in Suphanburi province, in Central Thailand (Download MS Word)
3 rd WARSFA-Waternet Symposium
Held in Arusha, Tanzania on 30-31 Oct 2002
Kamara, A and H Sally, Water for Food, Livelihoods and Nature: Simulations for Policy Dialogue in South Africa
IWMI’s research activities have led to the development of a policy dialogue model – PODIUM: a cereal-based simulation model that addresses questions related to water and food security in a global, national and river basin context. This paper presents results of the application of the model to South Africa. (Download)
SIWI Seminar
Held in Stockholm in August 2002
Molden, DJ, Balancing Ecological and Human Livelihood Security in a Catchment: A Hydronomic Zones Approach (Download)
18 th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage
Held in Montreal, Canada on 21-28 July 2002
De Fraiture, Charlotte, Ximing Cai, Mark Rosegrant, David Molden and Upali Amarasinghe, ‘Addressing the Unanswered Questions in Global Water Policy: A Methodology Framework’, Irrigation and Drainage 52: 21-30, 2003 (published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com))
The International Food Policy Research Institute and International Water Management Institute embarked on a joint modeling exercise to address questions relating to the impact of water- and food-related policies on global and regional water scarcity, food production, environment and livelihoods to 2025. This paper sets out the issues and discusses the methodology for the modeling exercise. Preliminary results were presented at the Montreal 18 th ICID Congress in July 2002.
Merrey, Doug, De Lange, F Gichuki, Barbara van Koppen, A Inonencio, A Kamara, Crosby H Levite and H Sally, Agricultural Water Use and Improving Rural Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Status, Future Directions, and the Role of the International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) (Download)
International Conference on Irrigation Water Policies: Micro and Macro Considerations
Jointly organized by World Bank and Government of Morocco, Agadir, Morocco, 15-17 June 2002
Bhattarai, Madhusudan, Whether Irrigation has started to become a Nuisance Commodity: Relationaship betwen Irrigation and Income Growth using Cross-Country Analysis (Download)
De Fraiture, C, C Perry, Why is the Irrigation Water Demand Curve Inelastic at Low Price Ranges? Paper presented at International Conference on Irrigation Water Policies: Micro and Macro Considerations, jointly organized by World Bank and Government of Morocco, Agadir, Morocco, 15-17 June 2002
Fontenelle, John-Philippe and François Molle, The Intricacies of Water Pricing in the Red River Delta, Vietnam
This paper’s first section describes political changes that induced technical and institutional evolution of Red River Delta (RRD) water-control systems. The second part describes the management framework and financial organization of these systems. The final section examines the financing of different operators and questions the process of water management decentralization and privatization in the RRD. (Download)
Molle, François, To price or not to price? Thailand and the stigma of ‘free water’
In Thailand the water used in agriculture is free. This paper investigates the reasons for, and consequences of, this particular policy, and examines whether current proposals to establish water fees can produce benefits to offset the costs of reform. It shows that water pricing can hardly be justified without a wider framework of institutional reform. (Download)
Perry, Chris, Irrigation Water Pricing in Iran (Download)
Rosegrant, MW and X Cai, Water Prices, Environment and Food Security (Download)
Second World Congress of Environmental Economics
Held in California in June 2002
Bhattarai Madhusudan and Michael Hammig, Governance, Economic Policy and the Environment Kuznets Curve for Natural Tropical Forest (Download)
WISA Workshop at the World Summit for Sustainable Development
Held in Durban, South Africa on 20 May 2002
Inocencio, A, Doug Merrey and Hilmy Sally, Innovative Approaches to Agricultural Water Use for Improving Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa (Download) [updated version published as IWMI Working Paper 55]
Smakhtin, Vladimir, Rebecca Tharme, WRI, IUCN and Kassel University, Poster presented at Water Dome – Over Tapping the World’s Water: A Model Based Pilot Analysis of Environmental Water Scarcity (Download)
Asian Irrigation in Transition – Responding to the Challenges Ahead
Held at Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand on 22-23 April 2002
Barker, Randolph and François Molle, Perspectives on Asian Irrigation
This paper focuses on the evolution of irrigation in South and Southeast Asia. It argues that geo-politics has provided the main driving force for developing public irrigation systems in Asia. It highlights a serious lag in the development of appropriate institutions to deal with the new environment of water scarcity -an important component of integrated water resource management. (Download)
Molle, François, The Closure of the Chao Phraya River Basin in Thailand: Its Causes, Consequences and Policy Implications
This paper recounts the development of the Chao Phraya river basin over the second half of 20 th century. It shows how supply and demand evolved in parallel, and how society coped with growing imbalances. This example serves to illustrate the consequences of ‘basin closure’ in Thailand and to discuss their policy implications. (Download)
Sustaining Food Security and Managing Natural Resources in Southeast Asia, Challenges for the 21st Century
Symposium held 8-11, January 2002 at Chiang Mai, Thailand
Penning de Vries, Frits and David Molden, Implications of Land and Water Degradation for Food Security, with particular reference to Asia and Africa (Download)
Conference on Legal Pluralism
Held at Chiang Mai, 7-10 April 2002
Van Koppen, Barbara, Nitish Jha and Douglas J. Merrey, Redressing Racial Inequalities through Water Law in South Africa: Interaction and Contest among Legal Frameworks (Download)
9 th Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property
Held at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2002
Van Koppen, Barbara, Nitish Jha and Douglas J. Merrey, Redressing Racial Inequalities through Water Law in South Africa: Interaction and Contest among Legal Frameworks (Download)
WARFSA-WaterNet Symposium
October 2001
Schreiner, Barbara and Barbara van Koppen, Catchment Management Agencies for Poverty Eradication in South Africa, Lewis et al (eds), proceedings WARFSA-WaterNet Symposium, October 2001, Kluwer Publishers.
30 th Anniversary of the Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Taiwan 2001
Matsuno, Yutaka, Accounting for Non Agricultural Impacts of Irrigation and Drainage System (Download)
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